57 research outputs found
Analytical assessment process of e-learning domain research between 1980 and 2014
Applying some methods to reduce the time and expenditures of training is inevitable in existing circumstances. Many educational organizations have realized the importance of Electronic Learning (E-learning) and tried to use this approach in leveraging their academic classes. As research in E-learning domain has become one of the most important and interesting subjects, observation in emerging and fading trends of E-learning is a need for the scholars and industry professionals who are interested to study and work in the field. This paper has triggered the investigation and depicting of scientific trends in E-learning by using two scientometric methods named burst detection and clustering analysis. By applying two mentioned methods, the hot topics were identified in the field of E-learning.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio
Two-dimensional turbulence in magnetised plasmas
In an inhomogeneous magnetised plasma the transport of energy and particles
perpendicular to the magnetic field is in general mainly caused by quasi
two-dimensional turbulent fluid mixing. The physics of turbulence and structure
formation is of ubiquitous importance to every magnetically confined laboratory
plasma for experimental or industrial application. Specifically, high
temperature plasmas for fusion energy research are also dominated by the
properties of this turbulent transport. Self-organisation of turbulent vortices
to mesoscopic structures like zonal flows is related to the formation of
transport barriers that can significantly enhance the confinement of a fusion
plasma. This subject of great importance in research is rarely touched on in
introductory plasma physics or continuum dynamics courses. Here a brief
tutorial on 2D fluid and plasma turbulence is presented as an introduction to
the field, appropriate for inclusion in undergraduate and graduate courses.Comment: This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article
published in European Journal of Physics. IOP Publishing Ltd is not
responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or
any version derived from it. The definitive publisher authenticated version
is available online at doi: 10.1088/0143-0807/29/5/00
The survey on aquaculture capacity of Ghar-Khatlo dam reservoir in Zanjan province
Qhar-khetlu dam reservoir is in the central part of Ijrud city of Zanjan province with a reservoir volume of 500000 and a water volume of 900000 cubic meters, covering an area of 6 hectares and containing 3500 hectares of the watershed in order to control seasonal floods, drinking water in the village, strengthening the aquifers of the area and As a water supply in the dry seasons, 120 hectares of agricultural land was planted for irrigation.Study of this water source with the aim of measuring biological and non-biological factors, determination of aquaculture production and Fish release capacity and fishing capacity for optimal use of fishery management in Zanjan province was done in 2006.The results of hydrochemical analysis of the water of Qharkhetlu dam reservoir showed that the minimum and maximum temperature of water ranged from 4.5 to 26 ° C, the pH of the water was 4.7 to 8.8, the dissolved oxygen was 7.7 to 12.2 mg, the total water hardness fluctuation was 154 194 mg/L and electrical conductivity of 272 to 390 micrometers per square centimeter, the water transparency was 25 to 380 centimeters.In this study, six phytoplankton classes with 31 genera and 3 classes of zooplankton with 14 genera were obtained. The abundance of phytoplanktons was counted from 150,000 to 206,000 per liter, and the average chlorophyll a, 1.10 micrograms, was estimated. The frequency of zooplanktons were 32 to 132 per liter, as well as the mean of 544 per square meter of macrobenthos.By comparing of the physical, chemical and biological factors and also the results of previous studies of this water source, the conditions for the introduction of warm water and cold water fishes including silver carp, big head carp, rainbow trout out and native fishes including species of Barbus and Capoeta genera are suitable. Estimation of Qhar-khetlu dam reservoir production is 80 kg/ha and its production capacity is 484 kg per year
Aktywność antybakteryjna olejku eterycznego z Zataria multiflora i jego głównych składników przeciwko Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Introduction: In Iranian traditional medicine, Zataria multiflora Boiss (Lamiaceae family) is reputed
due to its antiseptic effects.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial and biofilm killing effects of
Z. multiflora essential oil and main components against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Methods: The main components of essential oil were identified by gas chromatography (GC) and
gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antibacterial properties of Z. multiflora oil
and main components were determined by assessing the MIC and MBC values, and their inhibition
percent of biofilm killing effects were determined by the evaluation of optical density. The role of
each main component in these activities was determined according to the chemical profiles of essential
oil.
Results: Thymol (38.7%), carvacrol (30.6%), and p-cymene (8.3%) were main components of twenty
five components of essential oil. Carvacrol had the higher role in antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa,
followed by thymol. P-cymene enhanced the antibacterial activities of thymol and carvacrol
against P. aeruginosa. Carvacrol showed the weak role in biofilm killing effect. In spite of the low antibacterial
activity of p-cymene against P. aeruginosa, it can enhance the antibacterial activity of thymol
or carvacrol.
Conclusion: Z. multiflora essential oil can be used for the management of P. aeruginosa infections.
Determining the precise role of each components needs investigating in their behavior in different
media.Wstęp: Zataria multiflora Boiss (rodzina Lamiaceae) jest cenionym środkiem antyseptycznym w irańskiej
medycynie tradycyjnej.
Cel: Celem tej pracy było określenie działania antybakteryjnego oraz niszczącego biofilm olejku eterycznego
i innych podstawowych składników Z. multiflora przeciwko Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Metody: Najważniejsze składniki olejku eterycznego zostały określone za pomocą chromatografii gazowej
(GC) i chromatografii gazowej sprzężonej ze spektrometrią masową (GC-MS). Właściwości antybakteryjne
olejku eterycznego i głównych składników Z. multiflora zostały określone przez oznaczenie wartości MIC
i MBC. Efekt niszczenia biofilmu określono za pomocą gęstości optycznej. Rolę każdego z głównych składników
określono zgodnie z profilami chemicznymi olejków eterycznych.
Wyniki: Olejek eteryczny Z. multiflora tworzy 25 składników, a głównymi są tymol (38,7%), karwakrol
(30,6%) i p-cymen (8,3%). Karwakrol miał największy udział w działaniu antybakteryjnym przeciw P. aeruginosa,
kolejnym był tymol. P-cymen wzmacniał działanie antybakteryjne tymolu i karwakrolu przeciwko
P. aeruginosa. Karwakrol wykazywał słabe działanie przeciwko biofilmowi. Oprócz niskiego poziomu
aktywności antybakteryjnej przeciwko P. aeruginosa, p-cymen może wzmacniać działanie antybakteryjne
karwakrolu.
Wnioski: Olejek eteryczny z Z. multiflora może być stosowany w leczeniu infekcji P. aeruginosa. Określenie
dokładnej roli każdego składnika wymaga badania ich działania na różnych podłożach
Skład chemiczny i działanie przeciwgrzybicze olejków eterycznych z Ziziphora tenuior i Z. clinopodioides przeciw dermatofitom
Ziziphora species are traditionally used for treatment of different infectious and non-infectious
diseases as antiseptic agents.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition of Ziziphora clinopodioides and
Z. tenuir essential oils and their antifungal effects againt five strains of dermatophytes.
GC and GC-MS methods were used for essentional oils analize. The anti-elastase activities were
determined by porcine pancreatic elastase assays.
48 different compounds were identified in these two essential oils, which thymol, p-cymene,
1,8-cineole and γ-terpinene were their major components. The anti-dermatophyte activities of essential
oils against dermatophytes showed that the essential oils (150 ppm) inhibited the mycelium growth, about
5–100%, which Z. clinopodioides essential oil had higher mycelium growth inhibition (28–100%) than that
of Z. tenuir oil. The MIC and MFC values of essential oils were 0.01–1 μl/ml. 0.5 μl/ml essential oils inhibited
porcine pancreatic elastase, dose-dependently.
Due to the anti-dermatophyte and anti-elastase effects of Ziziphora sp., it can be considered as
natural antifungal agent for more clinical and pre-clinical trials.Rośliny z rodzaju Ziziphora są tradycyjnie stosowane w leczeniu różnych chorób infekcyjnych i nieinfekcyjnych
ze względu na swe działanie antyseptyczne.
Celem pracy było określenie składu chemicznego olejków eterycznych Ziziphora clinopodioides i Z.
tenuir oraz działania przeciwgrzybiczego przeciwko pięciu dermatofitom.
Skład chemiczny olejków badano za pomocą GC i GC-MS. Działanie antyelastazowe badano z
wykorzystaniem świńskiej trzustkowej elastazy.
W dwóch olejkach zidentyfikowano 48 różnych składników, wśród których głównymi były tymol,
p-cymen, 1,8-cyneol i γ-terpinen. Badanie aktywności antydermatofitowej olejków pokazało, że olejki eteryczne
(150 ppm) hamowały wzrost mycelium o około 5–100%. Olejek eteryczny z Z. clinopodioides bardziej
hamował wzrost mycelium (28–100%) niż olejek z Z. tenuir. Wartości MIC i MFC olejków eterycznych wynosiły
0,01–1 μl/ml. Stężenie 0,5 μl/ml olejków eterycznych hamowało elastazę trzustki świńskiej w sposób
uzależniony od dawki.
Z powodu działania antydermatofitowego i antyelastazowego Ziziphora może być uważana za
naturalny środek przeciwgrzybiczy, który wymaga dalszych badań przedklinicznych i klinicznych
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